Circular Migration and Human Development

This paper explores the human development implications of circular migration — both where it occurs naturally and where governments work to create it. The paper discusses various conceptions and definitions of circular migration, and concludes that circular migration is not intrinsically positive or negative in relation to human development; its impact depends upon the circumstances in which it occurs, the constraints that surround it and—above all—the degree of choice that individuals can exercise over their own mobility. The human-development lens distinguishes between de facto circular migration and circular migration that occurs within the parameters of government programs.Circular migration, dual citizenship, forced migrants, guest workers, labor markets, mobility, seasonal migration, temporary migration, visa regimes

Circular Migration and Human Development

This paper explores the human development implications of circular migration — both where it occurs naturally and where governments work to create it. The paper discusses various conceptions and definitions of circular migration, and concludes that circular migration is not intrinsically positive or negative in relation to human development; its impact depends upon the circumstances in which it occurs, the constraints that surround it and—above all—the degree of choice that individuals can exercise over their own mobility. The human-development lens distinguishes between de facto circular migration and circular migration that occurs within the parameters of government programs.Circular migration, dual citizenship, forced migrants, guest workers, labor markets, mobility, seasonal migration, temporary migration, visa regimes

Beyond Remittances: The Role of Diaspora in Poverty Reduction in Their Countries of Origin.

This paper analyzes the impact of established Diaspora on the reduction of poverty, and identifies ways in which policy interventions, especially from donors of official development assistance, might strengthen that impact. The new policy interest in Diasporas reflects a broader concern with globalization, and specifically the very recent appreciation of the volume of remittances to developing countries by emigrant workers and their descendents. Remittances, however, are far from being the only vehicle for Diaspora influence on the incidence of poverty in their home countries

I. International Administration

The authors were asked to consider the best means for international administration of the proposed reformed system of international refugee protection. They suggest that the UNHCR, in its present form, would not be able to administer the proposed system. They explore the possible shape of a successor organization, perhaps a revamped UNHCR, with secured levels of funding, a greater vesting of authority in regional bodies and an enhanced role for non-state actors, which would actively engage in refugee determination and allocation of responsibility for temporary protection among states. This is a substantially abbreviated version of the authors' original work. Please refer to the notice at the end of this section if you are interested in obtaining a full copy of the paper, which is expected to be published in mid-1996

Circular Migration and Human Development

This paper explores the human development implications of circular migration — both where it occurs naturally and where governments work to create it. The paper discusses various conceptions and definitions of circular migration, and concludes that circular migration is not intrinsically positive or negative in relation to human development; its impact depends upon the circumstances in which it occurs, the constraints that surround it and—above all—the degree of choice that individuals can exercise over their own mobility. The human-development lens distinguishes between de facto circular migration and circular migration that occurs within the parameters of government programs

Another story: what public opinion data tell us about refugee and humanitarian policy

The global reaction to US President Donald Trump’s executive order, “Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States” of January 27, 2017, revealed great public sympathy for the fate of refugees. In the case of Europe, such sympathy has, however, been dismissed by politicians who read concerns regarding security and integration as reason for introducing restrictive policies on asylum. These policies are at odds with public sentiment. Drawing upon three major public opinion surveys across the European Union and neighboring states, this article records a marked divide between public attitudes towards the treatment of refugees and asylum seekers, and official policies regarding asylum and humanitarian assistance. It seeks to understand why this is the case. The article suggests that post-9/11 there has been a reconfiguration of refugee policy and a reconnecting of humanitarian and security interests which has enabled a discourse antithetical to the universal right to asylum. The main conclusion is that in a post-post-Cold War era, European governments have developed restrictive policies despite public sympathy. Support for the admission of refugees is not, however, unqualified, and most states and European populations prefer skilled populations that can be easily assimilated. In order to achieve greater protection and more open policies, this article recommends that human rights actors work with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and its partners to challenge the anti-refugee discourse through media campaigns and grassroots messaging

Voice After Exit: Diaspora Advocacy

This report examines the largely understudied sphere of diaspora advocacy as seen through a wide variety of groups, from humanitarian relief organizations and religious groups to affiliates of political parties and virtual networks

Menjelajah Cakrawala: Kumpulan Karya Visioner Soedjatmoko

Seperti navigator ia tidak melupakan apa yang di belakang, tetapi mengarahkan pandangannya kedepan, ke keluasan cakrawala, untuk menentukan jalur-jalur penjelajahan dan tempat harapan dilabuhkan. Itulah Soedjatmoko. Membaca tulisannya, demikian komentar Ignas Kleden, hampir selalu berarti begerak dalam pemikiran yang sangat luas dan berhadapan dengan masalah-masalah besar. Intensitas penjelajahannya membuat gagasan-gagasannya begitu menggugah, kadang mengagetkan, meresahkan, mengkritik keadilan kita, membentangkan keluasan dimensi yang sering kita lupakan, menyeruakkan ke kesadaran kita akan situasi yang mendesak, mengancam, sekaligus juga menyodorkan harapan. Delapan bab yang dipaparkan dalam buku Menjelajah Cakrawala ini merupakan kumpulan dari delapan belas makalah Soedjatmoko yang mendapat penghargaan tinggi dari komunitas internasional. Ada beberapa tema besar yang mendapat analisis mendalam: peran cendikiawan, persoalan pembangunan, tantangan pendidikan, masalah agama, perjuangan tanpa kekerasan, manajemen internasional, serta kerangka etis humanitarian bagi solidaritas global

Private Giving and Public Policy

This report looks at diaspora philanthropy

Welcome to Work? Legal Migration Pathways for Low-Skilled Workers

As states meet to negotiate a Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration in 2018, they have pledged to consider opportunities to foster safer and better-managed international migration—including by facilitating labor mobility across the skills spectrum. This brief examines the legal migration pathways currently available to low-skilled workers, identifying promising practices as well as policy gaps